2021-1-6 13:35:09
Big Charging Knowledge for Charging Piles
Charging piles, also known as charging stations, are facilities for charging electric vehicles. They resemble parking meters in appearance and can charge two cars simultaneously, with a charging time of 6 to 8 hours from empty to full.
Functions
Charging piles can measure time, electricity consumption, and cost, serving as terminals for citizens to purchase electricity. To enhance the efficiency and practicality of public charging piles, future developments will include multi-charging capabilities and the ability to charge electric bicycles.
Types
Charging piles can be categorized into DC charging piles, AC charging piles, and AC-DC integrated charging piles.
Construction Requirements
As part of the grid's power distribution side, the unique structure of electric vehicle charging piles determines the characteristics of their automated communication systems: numerous and dispersed measurement points, wide coverage, and short communication distances. With urban development, the network topology requires flexibility and scalability. Therefore, the choice of communication methods for electric vehicle charging piles should consider the following issues:
1. Communication Reliability: The system must withstand harsh environments and strong electromagnetic or noise interference while maintaining communication.
2. Construction Costs: While ensuring reliability, consider both construction costs and long-term usage and maintenance expenses.
3. Two-Way Communication: The system should support both data upload and control command download.
4. Multi-Service Data Transmission Rate: As terminal services grow, the communication between the main station and substations, and between substations and terminals, will require increasingly higher data transmission rates.
5. Communication Flexibility and Scalability: Given the numerous, widespread, and dispersed control points of charging piles, standard communication protocols are essential. With the trend towards "ALL IP" network technology and the growth of power operations, IP-based service bearing should be considered, along with ease of installation, debugging, operation, and maintenance.
Technical Requirements
AC Charging Piles
1. Environmental Conditions:
- Operating temperature: -20℃ to +50℃
- Relative humidity: 5% to 95%
- Altitude: ≤1000m
- Installation location: Outdoor
- Seismic capability: Horizontal ground acceleration 0.3g; Vertical ground acceleration 0.15g
- The equipment should withstand three simultaneous sine waves with a safety factor greater than 1.67.
2. Structural Requirements:
- The casing should be robust.
- The design should prevent easy access to exposed electrical parts.
- The structure should use steel with a thickness of 1.0mm or more, treated with plastic coating, and consider heat dissipation.
- The pile should have good electromagnetic interference shielding.
- It should have sufficient support strength and facilities for proper lifting, transportation, storage, and installation, including anchor bolt holes.
- The base should be fixed at least 200mm above the ground, with an area no larger than 500mm×500mm.
- The casing should be impact-resistant, anti-theft, and anti-aging.
- Non-insulating material casings should be reliably grounded.
3. Power Requirements:
- Input voltage: Single-phase 220V
- Output power: Single-phase 220V/5KW
- Frequency: 50Hz±2Hz
- Voltage fluctuation range: Single-phase 220V±15%
4. Electrical Requirements:
- The circuit should close only after the plug and socket are correctly connected and load is confirmed.
- Leakage protection devices should be installed on the power cable inlet side.
- Low-voltage distribution equipment and line protection should comply with GB/50053.
- For IT system distribution lines, the first ground fault should trigger an alarm, and the second fault should cut off the circuit.
- Lighting and socket circuits should be separate, with residual current protection on the socket circuit.
5. Safety Features:
- An emergency stop switch should be available.
- Leakage protection on the output side.
- Overcurrent and short-circuit protection on the output side.
- Flame-retardant function.
6. IP Rating:
- Outdoor charging piles should comply with IP54 and have necessary weather protection.
7. Additional Protections:
- Protection against moisture, mold, and salt spray.
- Anti-rust and anti-oxidation.
- Wind and theft protection.
8. Installation Location:
- No explosive materials should be present.
- Surrounding materials should not contain corrosive or conductive substances.
DC Charging Piles
1.Power Input Voltage: Three-phase four-wire 380VAC±15%, frequency 50Hz±5%.
2.Compatibility: Should meet the charging requirements of the target vehicles.
3. Output: DC, with voltage matching the battery system.
4. Maximum Output Current: Should meet 1C charging requirements and be downward compatible.
5. Charging Modes: Regular (5 hours) and fast (1 hour).
6. Smart IC Management: Should be implemented.
7. User Interface: Each pile should have an operator for mode selection and guidance, displaying battery status and IC card information.
8. Interface Standards: Should comply with GB/TXXXXXXXX for DC charging interfaces.
9. Communication Interface: CAN interface, following GB/TXXXXXXXX for communication protocols.
10. Alarm and Protection: Should handle abnormal states during charging.
11.Battery Monitoring: Adjust charging parameters based on battery temperature and voltage.
12. Cooling: Forced air cooling.
13. Protection Level: Should comply with GB 4208-1993 IP54.
